The republics of Greece and Rome proved incapable of waging war effectively and remaining free at the same time. The record of modern republics is not much more encouraging. How, then, did the United States manage to emerge victorious from the world wars of this century, including the Cold War, and still retain its fundamental liberties? Walling credits Alexander creating the world’s most durable republican empire by balancing the rule of law, popular consent, and individual rights in leading a nation into war.